Organic compound

ABSTRACT

An organic compound is represented by general formula (1): 
                         
where R 1  to R 18  are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a novel organic compound having goodemission characteristics.

BACKGROUND ART

An organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and athin film that contains a fluorescent organic compound and is interposedbetween the anode and the cathode. When electrons and holes are injectedfrom the respective electrodes, excitons of the fluorescent compound aregenerated and the light emitted by the excitons returning to theirground state is utilized by the device.

Organic light-emitting devices are also called organicelectroluminescence devices or organic EL devices.

Recent advancement of organic light-emitting devices has been remarkableand suggested possibilities of applying the devices to a wider range ofusages. This is because they can achieve high luminance with lowvoltage, a wider range of emission wavelengths, rapid response, andreduction in thickness and weight.

Development of novel compounds has been actively pursued to the presentbecause creation of novel compounds is critical in makinghigh-performance organic light-emitting devices. For example, PatentCitations 1 to 4 below describe examples of materials used for emissionlayers.

Patent Citation 1

-   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-289907

Patent Citation 2

-   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-247278

Patent Citation 3

-   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-113576

Patent Citation 4

-   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-12205

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The organic compounds and the organic light-emitting devices thatcontain the organic compounds described in the above-described patentcitations have a room for improvements from the practical viewpoint.

To be more specific, optical output that achieves ever higher luminanceand high conversion efficiency are needed for practical application.Moreover, improvements on durability such as changes over time caused bylong-term use and deterioration caused by humidity and oxygen-containingambient gas are needed.

In order for organic light-emitting devices to be applicable tofull-color displays and the like, they must achieve blue emission athigh color purity and high efficiency, but this has not beensatisfactorily achieved.

In view of the above, organic light-emitting devices that achieve highcolor purity, high emission efficiency, and high durability andmaterials that can realize such organic light-emitting devices aredesired.

In particular, it is desirable to provide a novel organic compoundsuitable for use in blue light-emitting devices.

An aspect of the present invention provides an organic compoundrepresented by general formula (1):

where R₁ to R₁₈ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, ahalogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aminogroup, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group.

The novel organic compound of the present invention can achieve emissionat high efficiency and high luminance. Thus, an organic light-emittingdevice including the novel organic compound of the present inventionexhibits high emission efficiency and high luminance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an organic light-emittingdevice according to one embodiment and a unit configured to supplyelectrical signals to the organic light-emitting device.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a pixel circuit connected to apixel and signal and electrical power supply lines connected to thepixel circuit.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the pixel circuit.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emittingdevice and a thin film transistor under the organic light-emittingdevice.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a backbone represented by formula (1) and amoment in the X axis direction.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

An organic compound of the present invention is represented by generalformula (1) below:

R₁ to R₁₈ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, ahalogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aminogroup, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group.

In formula (1), examples of the alkyl group in the substituted orunsubstituted alkyl group include, but are not limited to, a methylgroup, an ethyl group, a normal propyl group, an iso-propyl group, anormal butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an octylgroup, a 1-adamantyl group, and a 2-adamantyl group.

In formula (1), examples of the alkoxy group in the substituted orunsubstituted alkoxy group include, but are not limited to, a methoxygroup, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a 2-ethyl-octyloxy group, aphenoxy group, a 4-tert-butylphenoxy group, a benzyloxy group, and athienyloxy group.

In formula (1), examples of the amino group in the substituted orunsubstituted amino group include, but are not limited to, anN-methylamino group, an N-ethylamino group, an N,N-dimethylamino group,an N,N-diethylamino group, an N-methyl-N-ethylamino group, anN-benzylamino group, an N-methyl-N-benzylamino group, anN,N-dibenzylamino group, an anilino group, an N,N-diphenylamino group,an N,N-dinaphthylamino group, an N,N-difluorenylamino group, anN-phenyl-N-tolylamino group, an N,N-ditolylamino group, anN-methyl-N-phenylamino group, an N,N-dianisolylamino group, anN-mesityl-N-phenylamino group, an N,N-dimesitylamino group, anN-phenyl-N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino group, and anN-phenyl-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)amino group.

In formula (1), examples of the aryl group in the substituted orunsubstituted aryl group include, but are not limited to, a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an indenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a fluorenyl group.

In formula (1), examples of the heterocyclic group in the substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group include, but are not limited to, apyridyl group, an oxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a thiazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, a carbazolyl group, an acridinyl group, anda phenanthrolyl group.

In formula (1), examples of the substituent that may be included in theabove-described substituents, namely, the alkyl, alkoxy, amino, aryl,and heterocyclic groups, include, but are not limited to, alkyl groupssuch as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group; aralkylgroups such as a benzyl group; aryl groups such as a phenyl group and abiphenyl group; heterocyclic groups such as a pyridyl group and apyrrolyl group; amino groups such as a dimethylamino group, adiethylamino group, a dibenzylamino group, a diphenylamino group, and aditolylamino group; alkoxyl groups such as a methoxyl group, an ethoxylgroup, a propoxyl group, and a phenoxyl group; a cyano group; andhalogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms.

Specific examples of the compound represented by general formula (1) areas follows. These examples do not limit the scope of the presentinvention.

Novel organic compounds of the present invention will now be describedin further detail.

In general, in order to increase the emission efficiency of organiclight-emitting devices, the emission quantum yield of the emissioncenter material itself is desirably high.

This requires, first, that the oscillator strength be high and, second,that the oscillating portion of the backbone associated with emission besmall. These two characteristics should be satisfied simultaneously.

It is important that the blue light-emitting material to be used inimage display apparatuses such as organic EL displays have an emissionpeak in the range of 430 to 480 nm.

With respect to the first characteristic, it is important to enhance thesymmetry of the backbone associated with emission from molecules.However, no emission would occur under a forbidden transition conditionpeculiar to highly symmetrical molecules. The oscillator strengthimproves as a result of an increased moment of the molecules when theconjugation is extended in the same direction.

With respect to the second characteristic, the decrease in quantum yieldresulting from oscillation caused by rotation can be suppressed when thebackbone associated with emission is free of any rotational structure.

FIG. 5 shows the structure of the backbone of the organic compound ofthe present invention and the moment in the X axis direction.

In order to achieve a high quantum yield, it is important to increasethe moment in the X axis direction as much as possible. However, thewavelength increases if the fused-ring structure is widened to increasethe moment. In the organic compound of the present invention, themolecule is made slightly asymmetric as shown in FIG. 5 to achieve ahigh quantum yield while increasing the moment in the X axis directionand widening the fused ring structure without increasing the wavelength.As a result, it has been found that a high emission quantum yield can beobtained within the blue emission range.

Moreover, since the backbone of the organic compound of the presentinvention shown in FIG. 5 has no rotational structure, the decrease inquantum yield by rotation oscillation can be suppressed.

Table 1 below shows the results of quantum chemical calculation at theB3LYP/6-31G* level using a density functional theory. The organiccompound of the present invention has a high oscillator strengthattributable to its structure as shown in the left column of Table 1below. The compound at the middle and the compound on the right-handside of Table 1 are reference examples. Among the reference examples,the compound on the right-hand side has one less fused ring than thebackbone of the organic compound of the present invention. As a result,the oscillator strength is lower than that of the backbone of theorganic compound of the present invention.

TABLE 1 Structural formula

Oscillator strength 0.524 0.018 0.491

Since two five-membered rings are included in the backbone, the organiccompound of the present invention has a low HOMO-LUMO energy level andis stable against oxidation. When the organic compound is used as alight-emitting material, it is suitable as an electron-trappinglight-emitting material.

The organic compound of the present invention has a high planarity andeasily generate excimers when it is unsubstituted.

In order to suppress generation of excimers, a substituent such as aphenyl group or an alkyl group can be introduced into R1, R2, R9, and/orR10 of the naphthalene backbone at the center of the organic compound ofthe present invention. In particular, when a phenyl group is introduced,the phenyl group is orthogonally arranged to the backbone, therebyrendering the structure three-dimensional. Thus, stacking of moleculescan be suppressed and concentration quenching can be suppressed. Here,“orthogonally arranged” means that the plane of the phenyl group isorthogonal to the plane of benzofluoranthene.

The position into which the substituent is introduced is notparticularly limited.

In order to prevent basic physical properties of the backbone fromchanging significantly, the substituent is preferably a hydrocarbon.However, in changing the HOMO-LUMO level, i.e., in significantlychanging the color of emission from the organic compound from blue togreen or red (i.e., in order to increase the wavelength), a substituentthat includes a heteroatom should be introduced.

Organic compounds represented by general formula (1) can be synthesizedthrough the following synthetic route 1 or 2 with reference toliterature, Journal of Organic Chemistry (1952), 17 845-54, Journal ofthe American Chemical Society (1952), 74 1075-1076, or Journal ofOrganic Chemistry (2003), 68, 883-887. As for the substituent, varioustypes of substituents are introduced. For example, synthesis can beconducted by substituting hydrogen atoms with other substituents, suchas an alkyl group, a halogen atom, and a phenyl group.

Various organic compounds of the present invention can be synthesizedfrom starting materials D1 or D4, D2 or D5, and D3 or D6. Organiccompounds (synthetic compounds) that can be synthesized are shown inTables 2 and 3. Tables 2 and 3 also indicate the starting materials ofthese compounds. The starting materials of each synthetic example areindicated as D1 or D4, D2 or D5, and D3 or D6 in Tables 2 and 3.

TABLE 2 D1 or D4 D2 or D5 Synthetic Example 1

Synthetic Example 2

Synthetic Example 3

Synthetic Example 4

Synthetic Example 5

Synthetic Example 6

Synthetic Example 7

Synthetic Example 8

Synthetic Example 9

Synthetic Example 10

D3 or D6 Synthetic compounds Synthetic Example 1

Synthetic Example 2

Synthetic Example 3

Synthetic Example 4

Synthetic Example 5

Synthetic Example 6

Synthetic Example 7

Synthetic Example 8

Synthetic Example 9

Synthetic Example 10

TABLE 3 D1 or D4 D2 or D5 Synthetic Example 11

Synthetic Example 12

Synthetic Example 13

Synthetic Example 14

Synthetic Example 15

Synthetic Example 16

D3 or D6 Synthetic compounds Synthetic Example 11

Synthetic Example 12

Synthetic Example 13

Synthetic Example 14

Synthetic Example 15

Synthetic Example 16

One embodiment of the organic light-emitting device will now bedescribed.

An organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment includes apair of electrodes, i.e., an anode and a cathode, and an organiccompound layer interposed between the electrodes. This organic compoundlayer contains the organic compound represented by general formula (1)above. In the organic light-emitting device, the organic compoundinterposed between the electrodes functions as a light-emitting materialand emits light.

In the case where a plurality of organic compound layers are providedand one of which is an emission layer, the emission layer may beentirely or partly composed of the organic compound of the presentinvention.

When the emission layer is partly composed of the organic compound ofthe present invention, the organic compound of the present invention maybe the main component or a minor component of the emission layer.

The “main component” is, for example, a component with a large contentin terms of weight or moles among all compounds constituting theemission layer. The “minor component” is the component with a smallcontent.

The material that serves as the main component can also be called a“host material”.

The material that serves as a minor component can be called “dopant(guest) material”, “emitting assist material”, or “charge injectionmaterial”.

When the organic compound of this embodiment is used as a guestmaterial, the guest material concentration relative to the host materialcan be 0.01 to 20 wt %, in particular, 0.5 to 10 wt %. The wavelength ofthe light emitted from the emission layer can be made longer than thewavelength of the solution by 5 nm to 20 nm by adjusting theconcentration of the guest material in any one of these two ranges.

When the emission layer contains a host material and a guest materialhaving a carrier transport property, the process that leads to emissionincludes following steps:

-   -   1. Transportation of electrons and holes inside the emission        layer.    -   2. Generation of excitons of the host material.    -   3. Transfer of excitation energy among molecules of the host        material.    -   4. Transfer of excitation energy from the host material to the        guest material.

The energy transfer in the respective steps and the emission occur incompetition with various deactivation processes.

Naturally, in order to enhance the emission efficiency of the organiclight-emitting device, the emission quantum yield of the emission centermaterial (e.g., guest material) itself must be high. However, one majorchallenge is how to efficiently transfer energy between the molecules ofthe host material and between the host material and the guest material.Although the exact cause of emission deterioration by electrical currentis not yet clear, the inventors believe that the emission centermaterial or the environmental changes brought to the emission centermaterial by the nearby molecules may be attributable to thedeterioration.

The inventors of the present invention have conducted variousinvestigations and found that when a compound represented by generalformula (1) of the present invention described above is used as the hostor guest material or, in particular, as the guest material in theemission layer, the device outputs light highly efficiently at a highluminance and has considerably high durability.

The organic light-emitting device of this embodiment will now bedescribed in detail.

The organic light-emitting device of this embodiment includes a pair ofelectrodes, i.e., an anode and a cathode, and an organic compound layerinterposed between the electrodes. The organic compound layer containsat least one organic compound represented by general formula (1).

One or more compound layers other than the organic compound layer may beprovided between the pair of electrodes.

In other words, two or more compound layers including the organiccompound layer described above may be provided between the pair ofelectrodes. In such a case, the organic light-emitting device is calleda multilayer organic light-emitting device.

First to fifth examples of multilayer organic light-emitting devices aredescribed below.

A first example of a multilayer organic light-emitting device is astructure in which an anode, an emission layer, and a cathode aresequentially layered on a substrate. This type of organic light-emittingdevice is useful when a material having all of the hole transportproperty, the electron transport property, and the emission property byitself is used in the emission layer or when compounds having respectiveproperties are mixed and used in the emission layer.

A second example a multilayer organic light-emitting device is astructure in which an anode, a hole transport layer, an electrontransport layer, and a cathode are sequentially layered on a substrate.This type of organic light-emitting device is useful when a materialhaving a hole transport property and a material having an electrontransport property are respectively used in corresponding layers or whena material having both these properties is used in both layers incombination with a simple hole transport or electron transport substancethat has no light-emitting property. In such a case, the emission layeris either the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer.

A third example of a multilayer organic light-emitting device is astructure in which an anode, a hole transport layer, an emission layer,an electron transport layer, and a cathode are sequentially layered on asubstrate. In this structure, the carrier transport function and thelight-emitting function are separated. Compounds respectively having ahole transport property, an electron transport property, and alight-emitting property may be adequately combined and used in thedevice. This significantly increases the flexibility of choices ofmaterials. Moreover, since various different compounds with differentemission wavelengths can be used, the variety of the emission hue can bewidened. Carriers or excitons can be effectively confined in the centeremission layer to enhance the emission efficiency.

A fourth example of a multilayer organic light-emitting device is astructure in which an anode, a hole injection layer, a hole transportlayer, an emission layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode aresequentially layered on a substrate. This structure improves theadhesiveness between the anode and the hole transport layer and improvesthe hole injectability, which is effective for decreasing the voltage.

A fifth example of a multilayer organic light-emitting device is astructure in which an anode, a hole transport layer, an emission layer,a hole/exciton-blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and acathode are sequentially layered on a substrate. In this structure, alayer (hole/exciton-blocking layer) that prevents holes or excitons fromreaching the cathode is interposed between the emission layer and theelectron transport layer. Since a compound having a significantly highionization potential is used in the hole/exciton-blocking layer, theemission efficiency can be effectively enhanced.

In the present invention, an emission region containing an organiccompound represented by general formula (1) refers to a region of theemission layer described above.

The multilayer structures of the first to fifth examples are only thebasic device structures and do not limit the structure of the organiclight-emitting device that uses the organic compound of the presentinvention. For example, various other layer structures can be employedsuch as providing an insulating layer at the interface between anelectrode and an organic layer, providing an adhesive layer or aninterference layer, or designing the electron or hole transport layer tobe made up of two layers with different ionization potentials.

The organic compound represented by general formula (1) used in thepresent invention may be used in any one of the first to fifth examplesdescribed above.

In the organic light-emitting device of this embodiment, the organiccompound-containing layer contains at least one organic compoundrepresented by general formula (1) of the present invention. Inparticular, the at least one organic compound represented by generalformula (1) may be used as the guest material in the emission layer.

The organic compound of this embodiment may be used as the host materialin the emission layer.

The organic compound of this embodiment may be used in any layers otherthan the emission layer such as a hole injection layer, a hole transportlayer, a hole/exciton-blocking layer, an electron transport layer, andelectron injection layer.

In addition to the organic compound of the present invention, existinglow-molecular-weight and polymer hole transport compounds,light-emitting compounds, and electron transport compounds and the likemay be used in combination if needed.

Examples of such compounds are as follows.

Hole injection/transport materials may have a high hole mobility so thatholes can be easily injected from the anode and the injected holes canbe transferred to the emission layer. Examples of thelow-molecular-weight and polymer materials having holeinjection/transport functions include, but are not limited to,triarylamine derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, stilbenederivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, porphyrin derivatives,poly(vinyl carbazole), polythiophene, and other conductive polymers.

Examples of the host material include, but are not limited to, thecompounds indicated in Table 4 and derivatives thereof; fused-ringcompounds such as fluorene derivatives, naphthalene derivatives,anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, carbazole derivatives,quinoxaline derivatives, and quinoline derivatives; organoaluminumderivatives such as tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum; organic zinccomplexes; and polymer derivatives such as triphenylamine derivatives,polyfluorene derivatives, and polyphenylene derivatives.

TABLE 4 H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H7

H8

H9

H10

H11

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18

H19

H20

H21

H22

H23

H24

H25

H26

H27

H28

The hole injection/transport material can be adequately selected fromthose that allow easy injection of electrons from the cathode and thatcan transport the injected electrons to the emission layer. A materialis selected by considering the balance with the hole mobility of thehole injection/transport material and the like. Examples of thematerials having electron injection/transport properties include, butare not limited to, oxadiazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives,pyrazine derivatives, triazole derivatives, triazine derivatives,quinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, phenanthrolinederivatives, and organoaluminum complexes.

The material for the anode may be a material that has a high workfunction. Examples thereof include single metals such as gold, platinum,silver, copper, nickel, palladium, cobalt, selenium, vanadium, andtungsten, and their alloys; and metal oxides such as tin oxide, zincoxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), and zinc indium oxide.Electrically conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole,polythiophene, and the like can also be used. These electrode substancesmay be used alone or in combination. The anode may have a single-layerstructure or a multilayer structure.

In contrast, the material for the cathode may be a material that has alow work function. Examples of such a material include alkali metalssuch as lithium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium, and other singlemetals such as aluminum, titanium, manganese, silver, lead, andchromium. Alternatively, an alloy combining these single metals may alsobe used. Examples thereof include magnesium-silver, aluminum-lithium,and aluminum-magnesium. Metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) mayalso be used. These electrode substances may be used alone or incombination. The cathode may have a single-layer structure or amultilayer structure.

The substrate used in the organic light-emitting device of thisembodiment is not particularly limited. For example, an opaque substratesuch as a metal substrate or a ceramic substrate, or a transparentsubstrate such as a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, or a plasticsheet, may be used. A color filter film, a fluorescence color conversionfilter film, a dielectric reflective film, or the like may be used tocontrol the color of emission.

A protective layer or a sealing layer may be provided to the fabricateddevice in order to prevent the device from contacting oxygen, moisture,and the like. Examples of the protective layer include inorganicmaterial films such as diamond thin films and metal oxide and metalnitride films; polymeric films of fluorocarbon resin, polyethylene,silicone resin, and polystyrene resin; and films of photocurable resin.The device may be covered with glass, a gas-impermeable film, a metal,or the like and packaged with an adequate sealing resin.

In the organic light-emitting device of this embodiment, a layercontaining the organic compound of the present invention and layerscontaining other organic compounds are formed by the following methods.In general, thin films are formed by vacuum vapor deposition, ionizationdeposition, sputtering, plasma-enhanced deposition, and various existingcoating techniques (e.g., spin-coating, dipping, casting, aLangmuir-Blodgett technique, and ink-jet) that involves dissolving thecompounds in adequate solvents. When layers are formed by vacuum vapordeposition or a solution coating technique, crystallization and otherunfavorable phenomena rarely occur and stability with time is excellent.When a coating technique is used to form films, an adequate binder resinmay be used in combination.

Examples of the binder resin include, but are not limited to, polyvinylcarbazole resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, ABS resin, acrylresin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, andurea resin. These binder resins may be used alone as a homopolymer or incombination as a copolymer. If needed, existing additives such as aplasticizer, an antioxidant, and a UV absorber may be used incombination.

The organic light-emitting device of this embodiment can be applied toproducts that require energy saving and high luminance. Examples of theapplication include light sources of display apparatuses, lightingapparatuses, and printers, and backlights for liquid crystal displayapparatuses.

When the organic light-emitting device is applied to a displayapparatus, a high-visibility, light-weight, energy-saving flat paneldisplay can be made. The display apparatus can be used as image-displayapparatuses for personal computers, televisions, and advertising media.The display apparatus may be used in display units of image-capturingapparatuses such as digital still cameras and digital video cameras.

Alternatively, the display apparatus may be used in an operation displayunit of an electrophotographic image-forming apparatus, e.g., a laserbeam printer or a copier.

The organic light-emitting device may be used as a light source forexposing a latent image on a photosensitive member of anelectrophotographic image-forming apparatus, e.g., a laser beam printeror a copier. A plurality of organic light-emitting devices that can beaddressed independently may be arranged into an array (e.g., lines) anddesired exposure may be conducted on a photosensitive drum to form alatent image. Since the organic light-emitting devices of thisembodiment are used, the space which has been previously required forplacing polygon mirrors, various optical lenses, and the like can besaved.

When the device is applied to lighting apparatuses and backlights, theeffect of energy conservation can be expected. The organiclight-emitting device of this embodiment can also be used as a flatlight source.

Alternatively, a color filter film, a fluorescence color conversionfilter film, a dielectric reflective film, and other associatedcomponents may be formed on the substrate supporting the organiclight-emitting device of this embodiment to control the color ofemission. A thin film transistor (TFT) may be formed on the substrateand be connected to the organic light-emitting device to control ON andOFF of the emission. A plurality of organic light-emitting devices maybe arranged into a matrix, i.e., arranged in an in-plane direction, sothat they can be used as a lighting apparatus.

Next, a display apparatus that uses the organic light-emitting device ofthis embodiment is described in detail. The display apparatus includesthe organic light-emitting device of this embodiment and a unitconfigured to supply electrical signals to the organic light-emittingdevice of this embodiment. The display apparatus of this embodiment isdescribed in detail below by taking an active matrix system as anexample with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of configurationof a display apparatus according to one embodiment. The displayapparatus includes the organic light-emitting device of the embodimentand a unit configured to supply electrical signals to the organiclight-emitting device of the embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a pixel circuit connected to apixel and signal and electrical current supply lines connected to thepixel circuit.

The unit configured to supply electrical signals to the organiclight-emitting device of the embodiment includes a scan signal driver11, a data signal driver 12, and an electrical current supply source 13in FIG. 1 and a pixel circuit 15 in FIG. 2.

A display apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes the scan signal driver11, the data signal driver 12, and the electrical current supply source13 which are respectively connected to gate selection lines G, datasignal lines I, and electrical current supply lines C. Pixel circuits 15are arranged at intersections of the gate selection lines G and the datasignal lines I, as shown in FIG. 2. One pixel 14 constituted by theorganic light-emitting device of the embodiment is provided for eachcorresponding pixel circuit 15. In other words, the pixel 14 is anorganic light-emitting device. In the drawing, the organiclight-emitting device is illustrated as the emission point. Upperelectrodes of the organic light-emitting devices may be formed as acommon upper electrode for all of the organic light-emitting devices. Ofcourse, the upper electrodes of the respective organic light-emittingdevices may be formed separately.

The scan signal driver 11 sequentially selects gate selection lines G1,G2, G3, . . . and Gn, in synchronization with which image signals areapplied to the pixel circuits 15 via one of data signal lines I1, I2,I3, . . . and In from the data signal driver 12.

Next, operation of a pixel is described. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagramshowing a circuit configuring one pixel in the display apparatus 1 shownin FIG. 1. In FIG. 3, a second thin film transistor (TFT) 23 controlsthe electrical current for causing an organic light-emitting device 24to emit light. In a pixel circuit 2 in FIG. 3, when a selection signalis applied to a gate selection line Gi, the first TFT 21 is turned ON,an image signal Ii is supplied to a capacitor 22, and a gate voltage ofthe second TFT 23 is thereby determined. An electrical current issupplied to the organic light-emitting device 24 from an electricalcurrent supply line Ci according to the gate voltage of the second TFT23. Here, the gate potential of the second TFT 23 is retained in thecapacitor 22 until the first TFT 21 is scanned and selected next.Accordingly, the electric current keeps flowing in the organiclight-emitting device 24 until the next time scanning is performed. As aresult, the organic light-emitting device 24 keeps emitting light duringone frame period.

Although not shown in the drawings, the organic light-emitting device ofthis embodiment can be used in a voltage-write display apparatus inwhich the voltage between the electrodes of the organic light-emittingdevice 24 is controlled by a thin film transistor.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing one example of a cross-sectionalstructure of a TFT substrate used in the display apparatus shown inFIG. 1. The detailed structure is described below by taking a method formaking the TFT substrate as an example.

In making a display apparatus 3 shown in FIG. 4, first, a moisture-prooffilm 32 for protecting components (TFT or organic layer) formed thereonis formed on a substrate 31 composed of glass or the like by coating.Silicon oxide or a complex of silicon oxide and silicon nitride is usedto form the moisture-proof film 32. Next, a metal film of Cr or the likeis formed by sputtering and patterned into a particular circuit shape toform a gate electrode 33.

A film of silicon oxide or the like is formed by plasma-enhanced CVD orcatalytic chemical vapor deposition (cat-CVD) and patterned to form agate insulating film 34. A silicon film is formed by plasma-enhanced CVDor the like (annealing at a temperature of 290° C. or more if necessary)and patterned according to a circuit shape to forma semiconductor layer35.

A drain electrode 36 and a source electrode 37 are formed on thesemiconductor layer 35 to form a TFT element 38. As a result, a circuitas shown in FIG. 3 is formed. Next, an insulating film 39 is formed onthe TFT element 38. A contact hole (through hole) 310 is formed toconnect a metal anode 311 for the organic light-emitting device to thesource electrode 37.

A multilayer or single-layer organic layer 312 and a cathode 313 aresequentially layered on the anode 311. As a result, the displayapparatus 3 is obtained. A first protective layer 314 and a secondprotective layer 315 may be provided to prevent deterioration of theorganic light-emitting device. In operation, the display apparatus usingthe organic light-emitting device of this embodiment can achieve stabledisplay of high-quality images for a long period of time.

Note that the switching element of the display apparatus described aboveis not particularly limited, and the display apparatus can be appliedeven with a single crystal silicon substrate, a MIM device, an a-Sidevice, or the like.

An organic light-emitting display panel can be obtained by sequentiallylayering a single-layer or multilayer organic emission layer and acathode layer on the ITO electrode. In operation, the display panelusing the organic compound of the present invention can displayhigh-quality images stably over a long time.

As for the direction in which the light is output from the device,either a bottom-emission structure (light is output from the substrateside) or a top-emission structure (light is output from the sideopposite the substrate) is applicable.

The present invention will now be described in further detail by usingnon-limiting examples.

EXAMPLES Example 1

Into 500 ml of carbon disulfide, 17.8 g (100 mmol) phenanthrene (E1),21.5 g (100 mmol) E2, and 26.6 g (100 mol) aluminum bromide were mixedat −40° C., and the resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hours. After thetemperature of the mixture had returned to room temperature, stirringwas conducted for 1 hour. The mixture was discharged into water andprecipitates were filtered, washed with ethanol, and dried. As a result,20 g (yield: 85%) of an ocher solid E3 was obtained. To 200 ml ofethanol, 11.6 g (50 mmol) E3 obtained as such and 10.5 g (50 mmol) of E4were added, and the resulting mixture was heated to 60° C. To theresulting mixture, 20 ml of a 5M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution wasadded dropwise. Upon completion of the dropwise addition, the mixturewas heated to 80° C., stirred for 2 hours, and cooled. Precipitates werefiltered, washed with water and ethanol, and vacuum-dried under heatingat 80° C. As a result, 18.2 g (yield: 95%) of a dark green solid E5 wasobtained.

Next, into 100 ml of toluene, 4.1 g (10 mmol) E5 and 2.7 g (11 mmol) E6were added, and the resulting mixture was heated to 80° C. Then 1.3 g(11 mmol) of isoamyl nitrite was slowly added dropwise, and theresulting mixture was stirred for 3 hours at 110° C. After cooling, themixture was washed twice with 100 ml of water each time. The organiclayer was washed with saturated saline and dried with magnesium sulfate.The resulting solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated toobtain a brown liquid. After the brown liquid had been purified bycolumn chromatography (toluene/heptane=1:1), recrystallization wasconducted with chloroform/methanol to obtain 4.37 g (yield 82%) of E7 inform of yellow crystals. Into 50 ml of toluene, 4.3 g (8 mmol) E7, 870 mg (1.6 mmol) [1,3-(diphenylphosphinopropane)]nickel(II) chloride, 2.0 g(16 mmol) E8 were added, and the resulting mixture was stirred. To theresulting mixture, 1.6 g (16 mmol) triethylamine was added. The mixturewas heated to 90° C. and then stirred for 6 hours. After cooling andfiltration, the filtrate was washed twice with 100 ml of water eachtime. The organic layer was washed with saturated saline and dried withmagnesium sulfate. The resulting solution was filtered and the filtratewas concentrated to obtain a brown liquid. After the brown liquid hadbeen purified by column chromatography (toluene), recrystallization wasconducted with toluene/methanol to obtain 3.0 g (yield: 64%) of E9 inform of pale yellow crystals.

Next, 580 mg (1.0 mmol) E9, 456 mg (1.2 mmol) 1,8-diiodonaphthalene, 91mg (0.1 mmol) tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), 100 mg (0.3mmol) tricyclohexylphosphine, 0.75 ml diazabicycloundecene, and 5 mldimethylformamide were heated to reflux, and the resulting mixture wasstirred for 12 hours. After cooling, 20 ml chloroform was added, and thefiltrate was washed twice with 100 ml of water each time. The organiclayer was washed with saturated saline and dried with magnesium sulfate.The resulting solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated toobtain a yellow liquid. After the yellow liquid had been purified bycolumn chromatography (toluene/heptane=1:8), recrystallization wasconducted with chloroform/methanol to obtain 347 mg (yield 60%) ofExample Compound A2 in form of yellow crystals.

The structure of the compound was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 500 MHz) σ (ppm): 8.57 (d, 1H, J=6.4 Hz), 8.37 (d, 1H,J=6.4 Hz), 8.14 (d, 2H, J=11.2 Hz), 7.89-7.45 (m, 20H), 6.82 (s, 1H),6.66 (d, 1H, J=6.0 Hz).

The emission spectrum of a 1×10⁻⁵ mol/l toluene solution of ExampleCompound A2 was measured with F-4500 produced by Hitachi Ltd., andphotoluminescence was measured at a 350 nm excitation wavelength. Thespectrum had the maximum intensity at 457 nm.

Comparative Examples 1 and 2

Compounds F1 and F2 were synthesized as comparative examples to comparethe quantum efficiency on the basis of measurement of thephotoluminescence and absorption spectrum. The absorption spectrum wasmeasured with UV-570 produced by JASCO Corporation. The quantum yieldwas calculated as a relative strength with respect to 1.0 of ExampleCompound A2.

TABLE 5

Example Comparative Comparative compound A2 Compound F1 Compound F2Emission 457 490 455 wavelength (nm) Quantum yield 1.0 0.2 0.9

It was found that the organic compounds of the present invention achievehigh quantum yields in the blue emission range.

Example 2 Synthesis of Example Compound A6

The same reactions and purification were conducted as in Example 1except that the organic compound was changed from E4 to E10.

The emission spectrum of a 1×10⁻⁵ mol/l toluene solution of ExampleCompound A6 was measured with F-4500 produced by Hitachi Ltd., andphotoluminescence was measured at a 350 nm excitation wavelength. Thespectrum had the maximum intensity at 459 nm.

Examples 3 to 19

In Examples 3 to 19, multilayer organic light-emitting devices of thefifth example (anode/hole injection layer/hole transport layer/emissionlayer/hole- and exciton-blocking layer/electron transport layer/cathode)were prepared. In each example, an ITO film 100 nm in thickness wasformed on a glass substrate by patterning. The following organic andelectrode layers were then continuously formed on the ITO substrate byresistance heating vapor deposition in a vacuum chamber at 10⁻⁵ Pa sothat the area of the electrodes facing each other was 3 mm².

-   -   Hole transport layer (30 nm): G-1    -   Emission layer (30 nm), Host: G-2, Guest: Example    -   Compound (weight ratio: 5%)    -   Hole/exciton-blocking layer (10 nm): G-3    -   Electron transport layer (30 nm): G-4    -   Metal electrode layer 1 (1 nm): LiF    -   Metal electrode layer 2 (100 nm): Al

The current-voltage characteristic of each EL device was measured with apA meter 4140B produced by Hewlett-Packard Corporation and the luminanceof emission was measured with BM7 produced by Topcon Corporation.

The emission efficiency and the voltage observed in Examples 3 to 19 areshown Table 6 below.

TABLE 6 Emission efficiency Guest G-2 (cd/A) Voltage (V) EXAMPLE 3 A1 H84.9 4.7 EXAMPLE 4 A2 H10 4.1 4.5 EXAMPLE 5 A2 H28 4.9 4.8 EXAMPLE 6 A3H5 4.5 4.4 EXAMPLE 7 A3 H22 5.1 4.5 EXAMPLE 8 A6 H21 5.8 4.2 EXAMPLE 9A7 H17 4.3 4.3 EXAMPLE 10 A17 H2 5.1 4.6 EXAMPLE 11 A23 H8 4.6 4.4EXAMPLE 12 A24 H23 4.4 4.4 EXAMPLE 13 A28 H11 4.9 4.7 EXAMPLE 14 A36 H275.0 4.2 EXAMPLE 15 A37 H8 4.1 4.0 EXAMPLE 16 A52 H17 3.9 4.6 EXAMPLE 17A67 H4 4.0 4.5 EXAMPLE 18 B3 H6 3.6 5.0 EXAMPLE 19 B16 H18 3.9 5.2

<Results and Studies>

The organic compounds of the present invention are novel compounds thatachieve high quantum yields and emission suitable for blue emission.When the organic compounds are used in organic light-emitting devices,the organic light-emitting devices can exhibit good emissioncharacteristics.

While the present invention has been described with reference toexemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is notlimited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of thefollowing claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as toencompass all such modifications and equivalent structures andfunctions.

This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No.2008-324469, filed Dec. 19, 2008, which is hereby incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An organic compound represented by generalformula (1):

where R₁ to R₁₈ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, ahalogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aminogroup, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group.